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Some English language terms have letters with diacritical marks.〔Gavin Ambrose, Paul Harris ''The Fundamentals of Typography'' 2007 Page 92 "Diacritical marks - Diacritical marks are a range of accents and other symbols, which indicate that the sound of a letter is modified during pronunciation. These are rare in English but relatively common in other languages."〕 Most of the words are loanwords from French, with others coming from Spanish, German, or other languages.〔Bryan A. Garner ''The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style'' 2000 Page 100 "Diacritical Marks, also known as "diacritics," are orthographical characters that indicate a special phonetic quality for a given character. They occur mostly in foreign languages. But in English a fair number of imported terms have diacritical marks" (version of text in Garner ''Garner's Modern American Usage'' 2009 )〕 Some are however originally English, or at least their diacritics are. Proper nouns are not generally counted as English terms except when accepted into the language as an eponym - such as Geiger-Müller tube, or the English terms roentgen after Wilhelm Röntgen, and biro after László Bíró, in which case any diacritical mark is often lost. ==Types of diacritical marks== (詳細は)), indicating omitted n or m, or ''macron'' (statūs), lengthening vowels; the ''tilde'' (Señor), indicating palatalised n; and the breve (drŏll = 'drol', not 'drowle'), shortening vowels...."〕 * the acute accent (née) and grave accent (English poetry marking, changèd), modifying vowels or marking stresses * the circumflex (entrepôt), indicating omitted "s" * the diaeresis (naïf), preventing a diphthong * the tittle, the dot found on the regular small i and small j, are removed when another diacritic is required * the macron (English poetry marking, lēad pronounced 'leed', not 'led'), lengthening vowels; or indicating omitted n or m (in pre-Modern English, both in print and in handwriting). The macron is also sometimes encountered to indicate a lengthened vowel in loanwords from Māori * the breve (English poetry marking, drŏll pronounced 'drol', not 'drowle'), shortening vowels. * the umlaut (über), altering Germanic vowels * the cedilla (soupçon), in French and in Portuguese softening c, indicating 's-' not 'k-' pronunciation * the tilde (Señor), in Spanish indicating palatalised n (although in Spanish and most source languages, it is not considered a diacritic over the letter n but rather as an integral part of the distinct letter ñ) In representing European personal names, anthroponyms, and place names, toponyms, the following are often encountered: * the caron (as in Karel Čapek), often also called the haček in English (adapted from "háček", the Czech name ("little hook" )), as Č/č, Š/š, Ř/ř (only in Czech), Ž/ž broadly turns "c" "s" "r" "z" into English "ch" "sh" "rzh" "zh" sounds respectively, and Ď/ď, Ľ/ľ (only in Slovak), Ň/ň and Ť/ť turn "d" "l" "n" and "t" into palatal "dy" "ly" "ny" and "ty" sounds. In most fonts the caron looks like an apostrophe sitting inside the Slovak capital L, as "Ľ", but in fact is only another form of caron. * the Polish crossed Ł and nasal ogonek (as in Lech Wałęsa) a "dark L", nearer an English "W", and a nasal "e", nearer English "en" (in Polish called "crossed Ł" and (), "little tail") * the Croatian and Serbian crossed Đ (as in Franjo Tuđman or Zoran Đinđić), halfway between D and Dj * the Maltese crossed Ħ (as in the Ħal- town prefix, Ħal Far Industrial Estate), a hard H * the Swedish over-ring Å (as in the Åland Islands), the å vowel sound For a more complete list see diacritical marks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「English terms with diacritical marks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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